Arakan-Wawontulap and Molas-Wori on the mainland of North Sulawesi are relatively flat areas at the base of volcanic hills. Siladen is a low-lying coral sand island with no significant topography. The island has extensive mangrove forest flats, partially separated by saltwater channels. Mantehage Island is relatively flat and seems to be sinking into the sea. Nain Island is also a dome-shaped island, 139 m (456 ft) in height. Bunaken Island also has volcanic origins with a significant amount of uplifted fossil coral. Manado Tua is an inactive volcano formed in a classical cone shape and rising over 600 m above sea level, the highest elevation in the park. The region has undergone explosive volcanism 1.5–5 million years ago, which resulted in the volcanic tuff that characterizes the existing topography.
North Sulawesi is considered to be a young formation, of 5–24 million years of age. The southern part of the Park covers part of the Tanjung Kelapa coast. The remaining 3% of the park is terrestrial, including the five islands of Bunaken, Manado Tua, Mantehage, Nain and Siladen. It covers a total area of 890.65 km², 97% of which is marine habitat. It was established as a national park in 1991 and is among the first of Indonesia's growing system of marine parks. The park is representative of Indonesian tropical water ecosystems, consisting of seagrass plain, coral reef, and coastal ecosystems.
The park is located near the centre of the Coral Triangle, providing habitat to 390 species of coral as well as many fish, mollusc, reptile and marine mammal species.
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